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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main">copy (command)</span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the command for copying with the clipboard, see <a href="Cut%2C_copy%2C_and_paste" title="Cut, copy, and paste">Cut, copy, and paste</a>.</div>
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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">copy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a> <code>copy</code> command</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a>, <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="MetaComCo" title="MetaComCo">MetaComCo</a>, <a href="Heath_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath Company">Heath Company</a>, <a href="Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a>, <a href="Microware" title="Microware">Microware</a>, <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">DR</a>, <a href="The_Software_Link" title="The Software Link">TSL</a>, <a href="Datalight" title="Datalight">Datalight</a>, <a href="Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>, <a href="Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a>, <a href="OS/8" title="OS/8">OS/8</a>, <a href="RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a>, <a href="ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS-II</a>, <a href="RMX_(operating_system)" title="RMX (operating system)">iRMX 86</a>, <a href="TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a>, <a href="TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a>, <a href="OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>, <a href="TRIPOS" title="TRIPOS">TRIPOS</a>, <a href="HDOS" title="HDOS">HDOS</a>, <a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a>, <a href="FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a>, <a href="4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4680 OS">4680 OS</a>, <a href="4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a>, <a href="PC-MOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-MOS">PC-MOS</a>, <a href="Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a>, <a href="OS-9" title="OS-9">OS-9</a>, <a href="HP_Multi-Programming_Executive" title="HP Multi-Programming Executive">MPE/iX</a>, <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a>, <a href="SymbOS" title="SymbOS">SymbOS</a>, DexOS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">HDOS: <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">PD</a><br>MS-DOS: <a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a><br>PC-MOS: <a href="GPL_v3" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL v3">GPL v3</a><br>ReactOS: <a href="GPL_v2" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL v2">GPL v2</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b><code>copy</code></b> is a <a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">shell</a> <a href="Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">command</a> for <a href="File_copying" title="File copying">copying</a> <a href="Computer_file" title="Computer file">files</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Different implementations provide various capabilities, such as:
</p>
<ul><li>Combining (concatenating) multiple files into a single file</li>
<li>If multiple source files are specified before the path to an existing directory, then files are copied to the directory</li>
<li>Support for text vs. binary data; for text, the command stops when it reaches an <a href="End-of-file" title="End-of-file">end-of-file</a> (EOF) character; for binary, files are copied in their entirety; ignoring EOF</li>
<li>In DOS, a file can be copied to or from a device. For example, <code>copy <i>path</i> con</code> outputs the file at <i>path</i> to the console, and <code>copy con <i>path</i></code> copies text typed at the console to a file at <i>path</i></li></ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2></div>
<p>The command is available in <a href="RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="OS/8" title="OS/8">OS/8</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OS8.HandB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS8.HandB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS-II</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="RMX_(operating_system)" title="RMX (operating system)">iRMX 86</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CMDref_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMDref-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="MetaComCo" title="MetaComCo">MetaComCo</a> <a href="TRIPOS" title="TRIPOS">TRIPOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="HDOS" title="HDOS">HDOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="OS-9" title="OS-9">OS-9</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="4690_Operating_System" title="4690 Operating System">4690 OS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="PC-MOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-MOS">PC-MOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> <a href="HP_Multi-Programming_Executive" title="HP Multi-Programming Executive">MPE/iX</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="SymbOS" title="SymbOS">SymbOS</a>, DexOS, and <a href="86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Under <a href="IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a>/<a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> the command is available since version 1.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNNINGMSDOS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNNINGMSDOS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Some shells provide a copy command with a different name. In <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-based systems, the copy command is <code><a href="Cp_(Unix)" title="Cp (Unix)">cp</a></code>. In <a href="CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>, the command is <code><a href="Peripheral_Interchange_Program" title="Peripheral Interchange Program">PIP</a></code>. in <a href="OpenVOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenVOS">OpenVOS</a>, the command is <code>copy_file</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="DOS">DOS</h2></div>
<p>The following copies existing file <i>fromfile</i> to path <i>tofile</i>.
</p>
<pre>copy fromfile tofile
</pre>
<p>A file can be copied to a device. The following sends a file to the <a href="Computer_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer printer">printer</a> on lpt1.
</p>
<pre>copy letter.txt lpt1
</pre>
<p>The following outputs to <a href="Stdout" class="mw-redirect" title="Stdout">stdout</a>, like the <code><a href="TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">type</a></code> command.
</p>
<pre>copy letter.txt con
</pre>
<p>The following <a href="Concatenation" title="Concatenation">concatenates</a> the page# files into <code>book.txt</code> – like <code><a href="Cat_(Unix)" title="Cat (Unix)">cat</a></code>.
</p>
<pre><code>copy page1.txt+page2.txt book.txt</code>
</pre>
<p>The command can copy files between drives.
</p><p>The following uses text mode to copy text of the file; stopping when it reaches an EOF character.
</p>
<pre>copy /a doc1.txt + doc2.txt doc3.txt
copy /a *.txt doc3.txt
</pre>
<p>The following uses binary mode; concatenating files in their entirety; ignoring EOF characters.
</p>
<pre>copy /b image1.jpg + image2.jpg image3.jpg
</pre>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="XCOPY" title="XCOPY">XCOPY</a> – Shell command for copying files</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490886.aspx">"Microsoft TechNet Copy article"</a>. 2009-09-11.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRügheimerSpanik1988" class="citation book cs1">Rügheimer, Hannes; Spanik, Christian (1988-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1988-rugheimer-spanik-amigados-quick-reference"><i>AmigaDOS quick reference</i></a>. Grand Rapids, Mi : Abacus. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781557550491</bdi> – via Internet Archive.</cite></span>
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-OS8.HandB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OS8.HandB_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Concise Command Language" (CCL).<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp8/os8/OS8_Handbook_Apr1974.pdf">"OS/8 Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. April 1974<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._Pieper1987" class="citation book cs1">John F. Pieper (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsx11m.com/rsxguide.pdf"><i>RSX A Guide for Users</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Digital Equipment Corporation. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-932376-90-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-19</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/intel/ISIS_II/9800306-06_ISIS-II_Users_Guide_May81.pdf">ISIS II Users Guide</a></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_S._Dayan1992" class="citation book cs1">Paul S. Dayan (1992). <i>The OS-9 Guru - 1 : The Facts</i>. Galactic Industrial Limited. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9519228-0-7</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100808010315/http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf">"FlexOS User's Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.bitsavers.org</i>. 1986. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-14</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/roelandjansen/pcmos386v501">"roelandjansen/pcmos386v501"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. 2022-01-02.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232213/http://www.teamnaconsulting.com/compresources/pdfs/c01687363.pdf">"MPE/iX Command Reference Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teamnaconsulting.com/compresources/pdfs/c01687363.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-21</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy">"copy"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i>. 2023-02-03.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datalight.com/assets/files/ROM-DOS_Users_Guide.pdf">"Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.datalight.com</i>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714004434/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/docs/86_Dos_usr_03.pdf"><i>86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: <a href="Seattle_Computer_Products%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Computer Products, Inc.">Seattle Computer Products, Inc.</a> 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patersontech.com/Dos/docs/86_Dos_usr_03.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-14</span></span>.</cite> (59 pages)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stratadoc.stratus.com/vos/19.1.0/r098-19/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/r098-19.pdf">"OpenVOS Commands Reference Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>stratadoc.stratus.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-14</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWolverton1990" class="citation book cs1">Wolverton, Van (1990). <i>MS-DOS Commands: Microsoft Quick Reference, 4th Revised edition</i>. <a href="Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1556152894</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFKathy_IvensBrian_Proffit1993" class="citation book cs1">Kathy Ivens; Brian Proffit (1993). <i>OS/2 Inside & Out</i>. <a href="Osborne_McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Osborne McGraw-Hill">Osborne McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0078818714</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFFrisch2001" class="citation book cs1">Frisch, Æleen (2001). <i>Windows 2000 Commands Pocket Reference</i>. <a href="O'Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-00148-3</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Windows_Commands" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Guide to Windows Commands">Guide to Windows Commands</a></b></i></div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy">copy | Microsoft Docs</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/master/v2.0/source/COPY.ASM">Open source COPY implementation that comes with MS-DOS v2.0</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> programs and <a href="Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecosystem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">Interpreters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li>
<li><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li>
<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>
<li><a href="Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">Terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Windows Terminal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a> (chdir)</li>
<li><a href="Dir_(command)" title="Dir (command)">dir</a></li>
<li><a href="Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">popd</a></li>
<li><a href="Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">pushd</a></li>
<li><a href="Tree_(command)" title="Tree (command)">tree</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">attrib</a></li>
<li><a href="Cacls" title="Cacls">cacls</a></li>
<li><a href="Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">cipher</a></li>
<li><a href="Compact_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact (computing)">compact</a></li>
<li><a href="Del_(command)" title="Del (command)">del</a> (erase)</li>
<li><a href="Deltree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltree">deltree</a></li>
<li><a href="Cacls#icacls" title="Cacls">icacls</a></li>
<li><a href="Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a> (md)</li>
<li><a href="Mklink" class="mw-redirect" title="Mklink">mklink</a></li>
<li><a href="Move_(command)" title="Move (command)">move</a></li>
<li><a href="Openfiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Openfiles">openfiles</a></li>
<li><a href="Recover_(command)" title="Recover (command)">recover</a></li>
<li><a href="Ren_(command)" title="Ren (command)">ren</a> (rename)</li>
<li><a href="Replace_(command)" title="Replace (command)">replace</a></li>
<li><a href="Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a> (rd)</li>
<li><a href="Robocopy" title="Robocopy">robocopy</a></li>
<li><a href="Takeown" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeown">takeown</a></li>
<li><a href="XCOPY" title="XCOPY">xcopy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">expand</a></li>
<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extrac32</a></li>
<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extract</a></li>
<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">makecab</a></li>
<li><a href="Pax_(command)" title="Pax (command)">pax</a></li>
<li><a href="Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">chkdsk</a></li>
<li><a href="Convert_(command)" title="Convert (command)">convert</a></li>
<li><a href="Disk_Defragmenter_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Defragmenter (Windows)">defrag</a></li>
<li><a href="Diskcomp" title="Diskcomp">diskcomp</a></li>
<li><a href="Diskcopy" title="Diskcopy">diskcopy</a></li>
<li><a href="Diskpart" title="Diskpart">diskpart</a></li>
<li><a href="Diskraid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskraid">diskraid</a></li>
<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">diskshadow</a></li>
<li><a href="Drvspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvspace">drvspace</a></li>
<li><a href="Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li>
<li><a href="Format_(command)" title="Format (command)">format</a></li>
<li><a href="Fsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fsutil">fsutil</a></li>
<li><a href="Label_(command)" title="Label (command)">label</a></li>
<li><a href="BitLocker" title="BitLocker">manage-bde</a></li>
<li><a href="MSCDEX" title="MSCDEX">MSCDEX</a></li>
<li><a href="Refsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Refsutil">refsutil</a></li>
<li><a href="SUBST" title="SUBST">subst</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">scandisk</a></li>
<li><a href="SYS_(command)" title="SYS (command)">sys</a></li>
<li><a href="Vol_(command)" title="Vol (command)">vol</a></li>
<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">vssadmin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li>
<li><a href="Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li>
<li><a href="Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li>
<li><a href="Runas" title="Runas">runas</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_service" title="Windows service">sc</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">schtasks</a></li>
<li><a href="Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">shutdown</a></li>
<li><a href="Start_(command)" title="Start (command)">start</a></li>
<li><a href="Taskkill" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskkill">taskkill</a></li>
<li><a href="Tasklist" title="Tasklist">tasklist</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Registry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="File_association" title="File association">assoc</a></li>
<li><a href="Ftype" title="Ftype">ftype</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">reg</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">regini</a></li>
<li><a href="Regsvr32" title="Regsvr32">regsvr32</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CHCP_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHCP (command)">chcp</a></li>
<li><a href="Cmdkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmdkey">cmdkey</a></li>
<li><a href="DATE_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DATE (command)">date</a></li>
<li><a href="Graftabl" class="mw-redirect" title="Graftabl">graftabl</a></li>
<li><a href="Mode_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode (command)">mode</a></li>
<li><a href="PATH_(variable)" title="PATH (variable)">path</a></li>
<li><a href="Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">set</a></li>
<li><a href="Setver" class="mw-redirect" title="Setver">setver</a></li>
<li><a href="Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">setx</a></li>
<li><a href="TIME_(command)" title="TIME (command)">time</a></li>
<li><a href="Title_(command)" title="Title (command)">title</a></li>
<li><a href="Ver_(command)" title="Ver (command)">ver</a></li>
<li><a href="Where_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Where (command)">where</a></li>
<li><a href="Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comp_(command)" title="Comp (command)">comp</a></li>
<li><a href="MS-DOS_Editor" title="MS-DOS Editor">edit</a></li>
<li><a href="Edlin" title="Edlin">edlin</a></li>
<li><a href="File_Compare" title="File Compare">fc</a></li>
<li><a href="Find_(Windows)" title="Find (Windows)">find</a></li>
<li><a href="Findstr" title="Findstr">findstr</a></li>
<li><a href="PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">print</a></li>
<li><a href="TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">type</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Choice_(command)" title="Choice (command)">choice</a></li>
<li><a href="Clipboard_(computing)" title="Clipboard (computing)">clip</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">cscript</a></li>
<li><a href="DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">doskey</a></li>
<li><a href="Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li>
<li><a href="For_loop" title="For loop">for</a></li>
<li><a href="Forfiles" title="Forfiles">forfiles</a></li>
<li><a href="Goto" title="Goto">goto</a></li>
<li><a href="Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">if</a></li>
<li><a href="More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li>
<li><a href="Pause_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause (command)">pause</a></li>
<li><a href="Command-line_interface#Command_prompt" title="Command-line interface">prompt</a></li>
<li><a href="Comment_(computer_programming)" title="Comment (computer programming)">rem</a></li>
<li><a href="Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">arp</a></li>
<li><a href="Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">bitsadmin</a></li>
<li><a href="CURL" title="CURL">curl</a></li>
<li><a href="MAC_address" title="MAC address">getmac</a></li>
<li><a href="Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a></li>
<li><a href="Ipconfig" title="Ipconfig">ipconfig</a></li>
<li><a href="Nbtstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nbtstat">nbtstat</a></li>
<li><a href="Net_(command)" title="Net (command)">net</a></li>
<li><a href="Netsh" title="Netsh">netsh</a></li>
<li><a href="Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li>
<li><a href="Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li>
<li><a href="PathPing" title="PathPing">PathPing</a></li>
<li><a href="Ping_(networking_utility)" title="Ping (networking utility)">ping</a></li>
<li><a href="Rpcping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpcping">rpcping</a></li>
<li><a href="Route_(command)" title="Route (command)">route</a></li>
<li><a href="Secure_copy_protocol" title="Secure copy protocol">scp</a></li>
<li><a href="Setspn" class="mw-redirect" title="Setspn">setspn</a></li>
<li><a href="Secure_file_transfer_program" title="Secure file transfer program">sftp</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-add</a></li>
<li><a href="Ssh-agent" title="Ssh-agent">ssh-agent</a></li>
<li><a href="Ssh-keygen" title="Ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-keyscan</a></li>
<li><a href="Traceroute" title="Traceroute">tracert</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrm</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance and care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Auditpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditpol">auditpol</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Assessment_and_Deployment_Kit" title="Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit">dism</a></li>
<li><a href="Dispdiag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispdiag">dispdiag</a></li>
<li><a href="Device_Manager#Driverquery_command" title="Device Manager">driverquery</a></li>
<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventcreate</a></li>
<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventtriggers</a></li>
<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpresult</a></li>
<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpupdate</a></li>
<li><a href="Logman" class="mw-redirect" title="Logman">logman</a></li>
<li><a href="Mofcomp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mofcomp">mofcomp</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">msiexec</a></li>
<li><a href="NTBackup" title="NTBackup">ntbackup</a></li>
<li><a href="Pentium_FDIV_bug#Software_patches" title="Pentium FDIV bug">pentnt</a></li>
<li><a href="Pnpunattend" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnpunattend">pnpunattend</a></li>
<li><a href="Pnputil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnputil">pnputil</a></li>
<li><a href="REAgentC" class="mw-redirect" title="REAgentC">REAgentC</a></li>
<li><a href="Relog" class="mw-redirect" title="Relog">relog</a></li>
<li><a href="System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">sfc</a></li>
<li><a href="Sxstrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sxstrace">sxstrace</a></li>
<li><a href="Systeminfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Systeminfo">systeminfo</a></li>
<li><a href="Tpmtool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmtool">tpmtool</a></li>
<li><a href="Tpmvscmgr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmvscmgr">tpmvscmgr</a></li>
<li><a href="Tracerpt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracerpt">tracerpt</a></li>
<li><a href="Typeperf" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeperf">typeperf</a></li>
<li><a href="W32tm" title="W32tm">w32tm</a></li>
<li><a href="WBAdmin" title="WBAdmin">WBAdmin</a></li>
<li><a href="Wecutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wecutil">wecutil</a></li>
<li><a href="Wevtutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wevtutil">wevtutil</a></li>
<li><a href="Winmgmt" class="mw-redirect" title="Winmgmt">winmgmt</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">winsat</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Management_Instrumentation_Command-line" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line">wmic</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boot management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bcdedit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcdedit">bcdedit</a></li>
<li><a href="Bootcfg" title="Bootcfg">bootcfg</a></li>
<li><a href="Bootsect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootsect">bootsect</a></li>
<li><a href="Fixboot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixboot">fixboot</a></li>
<li><a href="Fixmbr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixmbr">fixmbr</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Break_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break (command)">break</a></li>
<li><a href="Debug_(command)" title="Debug (command)">debug</a></li>
<li><a href="Exe2bin" title="Exe2bin">exe2bin</a></li>
<li><a href="QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">wsl</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cls_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cls (command)">cls</a></li>
<li><a href="Dpath" title="Dpath">dpath</a></li>
<li><a href="Help_(command)" title="Help (command)">help</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li>
<li><a href="Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">Environment variables</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Support_Tools" title="Windows Support Tools">Windows Support Tools</a></li></ul>
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